How does the income tax system work?

I would like to know what are some good websites where I could find rent, what’s the income tax system like?

This would be my first time living in a rented place so I don’t really know what’s the procedure

Are there any other taxes or laws that I should be aware of? I’m 19 and even though I lived alone for a while now I didn’t have to bother with rent, transportation, etc, since I was still in school and I didn’t have to move out of my hometown